INGREDIENT LIBRARY
Phosphatidylserine
Human research on memory and cognitive performance.
Phosphatidylserine, or PS, is naturally present in cell membranes and has been studied in humans across several cognitive settings.
IN GOLDMIND:FOCUS
300 mg phosphatidylserine
From a 70% standardized non-GMO soy source
Evidence overview
Human studies have evaluated phosphatidylserine at doses including 300 mg per day—the amount used in Goldmind:Focus—and reported improvements in selected memory and cognitive outcomes.
What human research has found
A randomized trial in older adults with memory complaints reported improvements in selected memory measures with soybean-derived phosphatidylserine.
Other studies have reported benefits on particular cognitive outcomes, while some randomized research has been neutral.
Studies combining phosphatidylserine with omega-3 fatty acids are also relevant, although those trials cannot tell us how much of an observed result came from PS alone.
Dose in Goldmind:Focus
Goldmind:Focus provides 300 mg phosphatidylserine per daily serving from a standardized soy source.
Three hundred milligrams is a dose used directly in multiple human phosphatidylserine studies.
Evidence limitations
Results vary by population, study design, and formulation, and some randomized studies have been neutral.
Several studies also combine phosphatidylserine with omega-3s, which makes the contribution of phosphatidylserine harder to isolate.
Safety & use
Goldmind:Focus uses soy-derived phosphatidylserine and contains soy. Do not use it if you are allergic to soy or another listed ingredient. If you take medication, have a medical condition, or are pregnant or nursing, discuss the product with a healthcare professional before use.
Selected references
- Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MPJ, et al. The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(2):121–134.
- Kato-Kataoka A, Sakai M, Ebina R, et al. Soybean-derived phosphatidylserine improves memory function of elderly Japanese subjects with memory complaints. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010;47(3):246–255.
- Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, Herzog Y, Korczyn AD. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty acids may improve memory abilities in non-demented elderly with memory complaints: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29(5):467–474.
- Parker AG, Gordon J, Thornton A, et al. The effects of IQPLUS Focus on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and following acute exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011;8:16.
The studies cited on this page evaluate individual ingredients or related formulations. They do not test the complete Goldmind:Focus formula. Individual response varies.
Back to the ingredient library*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.