PS: is a phospholipid that is also a critical component of neuronal membranes (like DHA) and makes up 10-20% of the total phospholipids in brain tissue. It acts as a membrane “dock” to allow other enzymes (Akt/PKC) to bind and operate on the inner-leaflet cell surface. PS boosts membrane fluidity, upregulates acetylcholine synthesis, enhances dopamine release and reduces neuroinflammation. It synergizes beautifully with DHA. Structurally, PS has room to attach two fatty acid chains, and prefers using DHA (via PSS2121) when it is available from diet or supplementation. PS+DHA together activate Akt and PKC more than either nutrient alone, promoting neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. When the two components are consumed together, there is a 50% relative improvement in cognitive endpoints than with taking DHA or PS alone.

At 200-300mg/day, PS improves focus across wide-ranging age groups with minimal side effects–even in seniors. Mild GI distress, headache or insomnia occur in <5% of users. PS alone yields an effect size in attention and memory of ~0.2-0.4 and PS+DHA boosts that to ~0.3-0.6. It's a low risk (soy-based), moderate reward supplement. Take 200-300mg/day from a standardized, non-bovine source (e.g. non-GMO soy) plus a DHA supplement simultaneously for synergy.

Citations:
Glade MJ, Smith K. Phosphatidylserine and the human brain. Nutrition. 2015 Jun;31(6):781-6.
Kimura AK, Kim HY. Phosphatidylserine synthase 2: high efficiency for synthesizing phosphatidylserine containing docosahexaenoic acid. J Lipid Res. 2013 Jan;54(1):214-22.
 Vakhapova V, et al. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 Fatty acids may improve memory abilities in nondemented elderly individuals with memory complaints: results from an open-label extension study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;38(1-2):39-45. doi: 10.1159/000357793. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
Kang E-Y, et al. Effect of phosphatidylserine on cognitive function in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Food Science & Technology. 2022;54(1):52-58.
Parker AG, et al. The effects of IQPLUS Focus on cognitive function, mood and endocrine response before and following acute exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011 Oct 21;8:16.
Vakhapova V, et al. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty acids may improve memory abilities in non-demented elderly with memory complaints: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29(5):467-474